Chapter 1 : TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

• Computer network protocols created in the 1970's by DARPA,an agency of the United States Departmet.
• TCP/IP is a network protocols that enable computers to communicate over network.
• Its provide end-end connectivity specifying how data should formatted,addressed,transmitted,routed and received at the destination.
• TCP/IP Layer
• i) Link Layer

  +networking scope of the local network connection to which a host is attached

  +The processes of transmitting and receiving packets on a given link can be controlled both in the software device driver for the network card

  ii) Internet Layer

  +solves the problem of sending packets across one or more networks.this process is called routing.

  +performs 2 basic functions (Host addressing and identification and Packet routing)

  iii) Transport Layer

  +End-to-end message transfer capabilities independent of the underlying network, along with error control, segmentation, flow control, congestion control, and application addressing (port numbers).

  iv) Application Layer

  +refers to the higher-level protocols used by most applications for network communication.